State of Michigan v JON THOMAS WEATHERHOLT
No. 161292
Michigan Court of Appeals
209 Mich App 801; 536 NW2d 544
April 21, 1995, Decided
Prior case history: LC No. 92-006031-FH.
Before: Murphy, P.J., and Griffin and W. A. Crane, * JJ.
* Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.
Opinion by: Richard Allen Griffin
OPINION
GRIFFIN, J.
We follow the precedent of People v Fish (On Remand), 207 Mich App 486; 525 NW2d 467 (1994), only because we are required to do so. In accordance with Fish, we remand for modification of defendant's judgment of conviction and for resentencing. Were it not for administrative order 1994-4, we would affirm.
I
Defendant was charged and convicted of operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor (OUIL) and with an unlawful blood alcohol level in excess of 0.10 percent by weight of alcohol (UBAL) in violation of MCL 257.625 et seq.; MSA 9.2325 et seq. In the information, the prosecutor listed defendant's two previous OUIL-UBAL convictions and specified that the current charges were "third offense notice." The prosecutor also gave notice of his intent to seek an enhanced sentence upon conviction:
Therefore, upon conviction upon the charged offense or the lesser offense of operating a vehicle while visibly impaired, the defendant will be subject to an enhanced sentence under MCL 257.625(6) or MCL 257.625(10). [257.625(6)(d)].
At the close of proofs following a jury trial defense counsel argued that the issue of defendant's prior convictions should be submitted to the jury. 1 The trial court responded that pursuant to MCL 257.625(12); MSA 9.2325(12), it was the court's function to make a determination regarding prior convictions. After the jury found defendant guilty of OUIL and UBAL, the prosecutor submitted certifications of defendant's prior convictions to the court. Based upon conviction certificates, the trial court sentenced defendant to an enhanced sentence in accordance with MCL 257.625(6)(d); MSA 9.2325(6)(d).
1 At trial, the present issue of statutory conviction was not in dispute. Rather, the request for a jury determination of defendant's prior convictions was based on constitutional grounds:
Mr. Kipley [defense counsel]: Judge, just briefly, as more of preserving the matter for appeal. I know that after the verdict, no matter which way it turns, there's always some hustle and bustle and noise, and this and that.I am certainly cognizant of the fact that the Legislature has seen fit to change how the court deals with subsequent drunk driving offenses, and has taken that circumstance away from the perview [sic] of the jury, and has left that with the court in terms of a matter for sentencing.
I believe -- and I'll place this on the record at this point -- that that is an unconstitutional delegation of authority by the Legislature in a criminal matter, and removes from this defendant the opportunity of having a jury of his peers determine the fact circumstances of whether he has, in fact, been convicted of drunk driving offenses in the past, as prescribed by the statute. We have the jury here, and it would be my intent to have the jury determine whether, in fact, Mr. Weatherholt has been convicted of these prior offenses before they leave here today. Now, we can deal with that now. We can rule that now if -- I want the jury to come in and make that verdict determination and have them deal with it after that circumstance, fine, but I am going to ask the jury be put back in the jury room and I'll do this again.
Mr. Gomery [assistant prosecutor]: Your Honor, I believe the statute is perfectly clear now, as amended in 1992, last year, there's no bifurcated trials. It is now a matter of law for the judge to consider. I think it is clear, and I would not consent to having the jury hear the matter of the priors.
The Court: It is clear that the Legislature, when they revised the drunk driving laws, specifically at MCLA 257.265(12) have established a procedure, whereby at sentencing the Court is to make a determination regarding prior convictions based upon submission of either an abstract of the convictions, a copy of the defendant's driving record, or admissions by the defendant. The Court is not aware of any constitutional right that is being infringed here, especially, in view of recent Supreme Court precedent that no longer allows the defendant to challenge the validity of a guilty plea, if no challenge was made within the prior proceeding. Here, it would appear that this a ministerial task, but counsel has noted an objection on behalf of his client for the record, and certainly that matter can be pursued and addressed by the appellate courts. This Court does intend to follow the procedure laid out by current statute, and will have the record so note the objection of the defendant.
Mr. Kipley: I am trying to preserve the issue for appeal, Judge. [Emphasis added.]
II
On appeal, defendant asserts that he was denied his statutory right to receive a jury determination on the issue of whether the prosecutor sustained his burden of proving defendant's prior convictions. In our view, the circuit court properly rejected defendant's argument based upon the recent amendments to the anti-drunk driving statute. Nevertheless, based on the authority of Fish, supra, and pursuant to AO 1994-4, we reverse defendant's sentence and remand for resentencing in accordance with the penalties authorized for OUIL-UBAL first offense.
III
In 1991, the Michigan Legislature rewrote our anti-drunk driving laws. One of the major changes accomplished by 1991 PA 98 (effective January 1, 1992) was the addition of subsections 11 and 12 to MCL 257.625; MSA 9.2325. These new subsections establish a procedure for the prosecutor to seek an enhanced sentence based upon one or more prior convictions. MCL 257.625(11) and (12); MSA 9.2325(11) and (12) provide:
(11) If the prosecuting attorney intends to seek an enhanced sentence under subsection (6)(b) or (d) or (10)(b) or (c) based upon the defendant having 1 or more prior convictions, the prosecuting attorney shall include on the complaint and information filed in district court, circuit court, recorder's court, municipal court, or probate court a statement listing the defendant's prior convictions.
(12) A prior conviction shall be established at sentencing by 1 or more of the following:
(a) An abstract of conviction.
(b) A copy of the defendant's driving record.
(c) An admission by the defendant.
The above amendments clearly provide that if a defendant has prior drunk driving convictions, the prosecutor may seek "an enhanced sentence." Further, under the statute, proof of the prior convictions is adduced "at sentencing." Such proofs "shall be established at sentencing" by an abstract of conviction, a copy of defendant's driving record, or an admission by defendant. We conclude that under the present statute, the jury has no role in determining whether defendant has been convicted of prior drunk driving offenses.
Despite the above plain and unambiguous language, a panel of this Court in Fish, supra, relied upon preamendment case law in holding that "OUIL-3" is a separate crime for which the prosecutor must prove defendant's convictions to the trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt. The Fish panel cited the preamendment authorities of People v Bewersdorf, 438 Mich 55, 68; 475 NW2d 231 (1991) 2, and People v Raisanen, 114 Mich App 840, 846; 319 NW2d 693 (1982). The Fish panel, supra at 489, concluded:
Because the Legislature did not change the definition of OUIL-3, we conclude that it did not intend to change the requirement that prior convictions be treated as elements of the crime.
We respectfully disagree. It appears that the Fish panel was not cognizant of the substantive changes in the statute as specified by subsections 11 and 12. In this regard, we note that no reference or discussion of these changes is made in Fish.
2 The statement in Bewersdorf that OUIL-3 is a separate crime was dicta. Additionally, the reference was to the anti-drunk driving statute prior to its 1991 amendments.
In our view, the sentence enhancement provisions of the new anti-drunk driving statute are analogous to the enhancement provisions of the Controlled Substances Act, MCL 333.7413; MSA 14.15(7413). In People v Eason, 435 Mich 228, 232, 234; 458 NW2d 17 (1990), the Supreme Court construed the sentence enhancement provisions of the Controlled Substances Act as not providing for a trial on the issue of prior convictions:
The sentence enhancement provision is a legislative authorization for judges to tailor punishment to the criminal on the basis of an objective factor, i.e., a prior conviction under the same statute.
***
Where the statute does not contemplate a separate trial-type proceeding but, rather, provides for sentence enhancement, due process requires a reasonable opportunity to challenge the accuracy of the information relied on in passing sentence.
Unlike the Controlled Substances Act, our new anti-drunk driving statute contains express notice requirements as to prior convictions and of the prosecutor's intention to seek an enhanced sentence. However, in all other respects, we would construe the sentence enhancement provisions of the new anti-drunk driving statute in a manner consistent with Eason.
IV
Tile other issues raised by defendant are without merit. Defendant did not challenge the sufficiency of the information in the lower court and therefore has waived the issue absent manifest injustice. People v Covington, 132 Mich App 79, 86-87; 346 NW2d 903 (1994). We perceive no such injustice.
Finally, the 77-day rule asserted by defendant applies only if defendant is charged with a misdemeanor. MCL 257.625b(2); MSA 9.2325(2)(2). In the present case, the information filed against defendant specified that the prosecutor was seeking felony penalties as an enhanced sentence. Because defendant was charged with a felony and was bound over to circuit court, the 77-day rule for misdemeanors does not apply.
Defendant's conviction of OUIL-UBAL is affirmed. Defendant's judgment of conviction is hereby ordered modified to OUIL-UBAL first offense. Remanded for resentencing. We do not retain jurisdiction.
/s/ Richard Allen Griffin
/s/ William B. Murphy
/s/ William A. Crane